Climate change refers to long-term changes in global temperatures and weather patterns. While some climate change is natural, human activities, primarily burning fossil fuels, have been the main driver of climate change since the mid-20th century. Burning coal, oil and gas releases greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Methane (CH₄) into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat and warm the planet through a process known as the enhanced greenhouse effect.

The greenhouse effect is a natural process in which certain greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, keeping the planet warm enough to support life. The problem is that human activities are increasing the concentration of these greenhouse gases, intensifying this effect and causing the planet to warm beyond natural levels. The main greenhouse gases driving climate change are Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Methane (CH₄), and Nitrous Oxide (N₂O).

Climate Change Mitigation means reducing or preventing greenhouse gas emissions. Examples include switching to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, or protecting forests. Climate Adaptation means adjusting to the impacts of climate change that are already happening or are expected in the future. Examples include flood protection, developing drought-resistant crops, or urban planning for extreme heat. Both are essential: mitigation helps limit future warming, while adaptation helps manage unavoidable impacts.

Carbon markets exist because reducing greenhouse gas emissions has economic costs, and pricing carbon creates financial incentives to reduce emissions. By assigning a price on carbon emissions, carbon markets encourage businesses and governments to invest in cleaner technologies and lower-emission solutions. They also help emission reductions happen where they are most cost-effective.

Yes, this online climate change course is completely free. Upon successful completion, you earn a blockchain-secured digital unitary badge via Open Badge Factory at no cost.